---
title: "The Market Size Mistake"
description: "Learn how VCs evaluate market size for startups, featuring insights from Shopify's success story and Bill Gurley's framework for identifying category-creating companies."
categories: ["fundraising"]
keywords: ["venture capital","market size evaluation","category-creating companies","Shopify success story","Bill Gurley framework","startup funding","market dynamics","category-defining businesses"]
ai_summary: "Explore how VCs assess market size, using Shopify's journey and insights from Bill Gurley to redefine startup evaluation."
date: 2024-04-17
lastmod: 2026-07-28
canonical_url: https://www.tomtunguz.com/tobi-lutke-market-size/
author: "Tomasz Tunguz"
---

Over the weekend, Tobi, the founder and CEO of Shopify, discussed the [major  reason investors passed on Shopify in the early days](https://x.com/tobi/status/1779533267043053929) : market size.


<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-media-max-width="560"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Good supercut about why Shopify worked <a href="https://t.co/pw92KutpEn">https://t.co/pw92KutpEn</a></p>&mdash; tobi lutke (@tobi) <a href="https://twitter.com/tobi/status/1779533267043053929?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 14, 2024</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

I remember that financing round, & I remember having the same concern, & making the same mistake. Living in the valley & driving on 101, the billboards & logo-adorned headquarters of successful companies provide a daily infusion of all the mistakes in I've made in guessing how a company or a market might evolve.

Years later, I listened as [Bill Gurley shared his thoughts about market size](https://abovethecrowd.com/2014/07/11/how-to-miss-by-a-mile-an-alternative-look-at-ubers-potential-market-size/).  He asked himself a question : whether the startup was increasing,  decreasing, or maintaining the market size? (I can't seem to find the link - but I have it in my notes!)

I added that question to my diligence list when meeting startups.

Now much later, having seen many companies create categories or reinvigorate aging ones, the question I ask myself has evolved. 

It's not as the market size large enough? Instead, it the question is :  do we believe this company can create the market? 

Market size is the output of all the players marketing, selling, building. Their efforts alter, distort, & juice the supply/demand curves of macroeconomics. It's not a given - not an output or a steady-state CAGR. 

Often it's the startups that engender the demand, change the market dynamics, & make markets massive by taking risks with products. 

When done right, these founders create category-defining businesses like Shopify (now worth $90b)!





